A/ Trong tieáng Anh hieän ñaïi, ngöôøi ta hay duøng một hay hai particle (giôùi töø hay traïng töø ) sau ñoäng töø ñeå coù ñöôïc söï khaùc nhau veà yù nghóa.  Ví duï:     - give away = give sth to someone/anyone ( Cho ai , taëng ai caùi gì )

                        = to make known sth that sb wants to keep secret ( thoå loä, tieát loä ra, toá giaùc ra )

       – give up = abandon (a habit or attempt) ( töø boû moat thoùi quen, moat noå löïc …)  

       -  look after = take care of  ( Chaêm soùc)

     – look for = search for, seek ( tìm kieám)

                     – look out =  beware ( Haõy caån thaän, coi chöøng )

B/ Có hai loại :

a/ intransitive phrasal verbs  ( khoâng coù object)

EX: The plane will take off at 15:00.

b/ Transitive phrasal verbs  ( coù object – danh từ  hoặc đại từ )

+ Inseparable transitive phrasal verbs  ( Pharsal verbs không thể tách ra – Object luôn ở sau particle)

Ex: We are looking for my key.     ( Wrong: We are looking my key for )

+  Separable transitive phrasal verbs ( Pharsal verbs có thể tách ra )

à  Phrasal verbs thường có thể tách được khi particles là: on , off, up, down, in, out, away

• Nếu Object là danh từ, nó có thể đặt ở sau hay giữa phrasal verbs)

Ex:  Remember to turn off the lights when going out.

Remember to turn the lights off when going out.

• Nếu Object  là một đại từ (me, us, it, them, you  him, her …) thi nó luôn được đặt ở giữa phrsal verb )

Ex: Please turn it off.        ( Wrong : Please turn off  it )

Phrasal verbs  

1.      take after (sb) : look like; resemble : giống 2.      take sth/sb on: (of a bus, plane or ship) to allow sb/sth to enter: cho ai leân xe, taøu … 3.   take up: learn or start doing sth: baét ñaàu laøm ñieàu gì … 4.   take off: a/ to remove sth, especially a piece of clothing from your/sb’s body: côûi boû ( muû , quaàn aùo) ≠ put on   b/  to leave the ground and begin to fly : ( maùy bay) caát caùnh 5.   take sth off sth:  to remove an amount of money or a number of marks, points, etc. in order to   reduce the  total: ruùt bôùt (tieàn, ñiểm ) cho ít ñi 6.    take (sth) in : thu naïp, hieåu, nhôù ñöôïc ñieàu gì 7.   Take part in: participate in: to be involved in: tham gia 8.   Take sth out: vay tieàn cuûa ngaân haøng 9.   take sth away: gôõ boû, laøm maát buoàn phieàn ñau ñôùn 10.     take over: ñaûm nhaän vò trí ( cuûa ai), ñaûm traùch coâng vieäc 11.     take place: dieãn ra, xaûy ra theo keáâ hoaïch. 12. put up with : tolerate: chòu ñöïng      Ex: I’m not going to put up with their smoking any longer. 21.     go off : + noå ; vang leân  Ex: The bomb went off in a crowded street.  +  ñi  laøm ñieàu gì  Ex: He went off to get a drink.                         +  thöïc phaåm, nöôùc uoàng  hö hoûng; chaát löôïng xaáu ñi       Ex: You shouldn’t drink it. It goes off. 22.     go out : taét ( ñeøn löûa) 23.     go away: ñi xa ( qua 01 ñeâm trôû leân ) 24.     go over : oân laïi baøi; xem laïi, kieåm tra laïi 25.     look after sb / sth:  chaêm soùc 26.     look up : tra tìm töø , vaán ñeà gì trong töï ñieàn, trong saùch . 27.     look up to sb: to admire or respect sb : ngöôõng moä ai 28.     look up at sth: ngöôùc nhìn leân caùi gì   ( V+ pre.) 29.     put on: maëc quaàn aùo, ñeo, mang 30.     put sth out : Boû … ra ngoaøi   – Ex:  I put the rubbish out. 31.     put off= delay: hoaõn laïi                 Ex: He keeps putting off going to the dentist. 32.     turn ( sth ) on : môû ñeøn , ….. 33.     turn (sth)  off : taét …… 34.     turn up: xuaát hieän , ñeán      Ex: Do you think many people will turn up? 35.     turn down: refuse: từ chối, bác bỏ không xrm xét đơn …   : vặn nhỏ âm thanh, thiết bị …. Ex: Why did she turn down your invitation? Please turn the volume down. 36.     try sb / sth out : thöû  nghieäm, duøng thöû xem coù toát hay khoâng. Ex: They’re trying out a new presenter for the show. 37.     try sth on : maëc thöû, mang thöû xem coù vöøa khoâng      Ex: Try the shoes on before you buy them. 38.     hold sth / sb up : ( often passive): laøm hoaõn , caûn trôû söï tieán trieån , di chuyeån …      Ex: *An accident is holding up traffic. 39.     get over sth: overcome: vöôït qua, thaéng ñöôïc Ex: She can’t get over her shyness. 40.     catch up with : baét kip, ñuoåi theo kip 41.     keep up with: theo kip ai, naém baét kip thoâng tin; vaãn tieáp tuïc lieân laïc vôùi ai 42.     keep sth up: tieáp tuïc duy trì möùc ñoä       Ex: The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices up. 43.     cool sb off / down: laøm cho ai bình tónh laïi 44.     speak up : noùi to leân 45.     Bring sth out: make sth noticable    Ex: A crisis can bring out the best and the worst in people. 46.     bring sth back: to remind : gôïi nhôù 47.     Bring sb in sth / bring in sth : to make or earn a particular amount of money: kieám tieàn, thu nhaäp Ex:* His freelance work brings him in about $20000 a year. 48.      bring sth about: to make sth happen= cause: gaây ra      Ex: What brought about the change in his attitude? 49.bring sth off : to succeed in doing sth difficult: Ñaït ñöôïc thaønh coâng ( qua khoù khaên) Ex: * It was a difficult task but we brought it off. The goalie brought off a superb save 50.      wash up / wash sth up: to wash plates, glasses, … after a meal: röûa cheùn 51.calm (sb / sth) down : bình tónh – laøm ai bình tónh

13.     bring (sb) up ( often in passive): to care for a child, teaching him or her how to behave, etc: chaêm soùc , daïy doã Ex: * She brought up five children. * He was brought up by his aunt. 14.     take sth down: to write sth down: a/  ghi cheùp;         Ex:  * Reporters took down every word of his speech            b/  to remove a structure: thaùo dôõ  - Ex: * The students are taking the tent down before leaving. 15.     wake sb up : laøm ai tænh taùo / ñaùnh thöùc ai        Ex: A cold shower will soon wake you up. 16.     Take advantage of : taän duïng , lôïi duïng . Ex: * We took full advantage of the hotel facilities.  * She took advantage of the children’s absence to tidy their rooms. 17.     give up : [nopassive] to stop doing or having sth: töø boû     Ex: She didn’t give up work when she had the baby. 18.     go on: tieáp tuïc 19.     go up ≠ go down: leân giaù ≠  xuoáng giaù 20.  go after sb:  to chase or follow sb: chaïy theo; ñuoåi theo 52.     stay on : tieáp tuïc laøm … = keep on; carry on 53.     fall behind sb/sth : khoâng theo kòp möùc ñoä vôùi ai, rôùt laïi phía sau …     Ex: She soon fell behind the leaders. 54.     give in (to sb / sth) : ñaàu haøng , chòu thua … Ex: The rebels (quaân noåi loaïn) were forced to give in. 55.     wait up : haõy chaäm laïi, chôø … Ex: Wait up – you’re  walking too fast for me. 56.     wait up for sb: thöùc khuya chôø ai. Ex: I’ll be back very late so don’t wait up for me. 57.     grow up : tröôûng thaønh 58.     watch out ( for sth / sb): coi chöøng !      Ex: Watch out! There’s a car coming! 59.     fill sth in (out): ñieàn ñôn 60.     break down : maùy moùc hö; thaát baïi Ex: The telephone system has broken down. * The car broke down on the freeway. *Negotiations between the two sides have broken down. 61.set off ( for) : to begin a journey: khởi hành chuyến đi Ex: We set off for London just after ten. 62.drop out (of sth) : boû cuoäc: He drooped out of the English class . * She started an engineering degree but dropped out after only a year. 63.show sth / sb off: khoe khoang Ex: She wanted to show off her new dress at the party. 64.cross sth out : gaïch boû chöõ sai 65.close sth down : ngöøng hoaït ñoäng ( kinh doanh) Ex: All the firms around here were closed down in the 1980s. 66.move in / into sth: baét ñaàu chuyeån vaøo (nhaø môùi)  ñeå ôû 67. doze off : go to sleep: ñi nguû  -       Ex: She dozed off in front of the fire. 68.see sb off: tieãn ai ñi xa 69.give sth away to sb : taëng caùi gì cho ai 70.give sth/sb away: tieát loä bí maät ; tieát loä taâm tö cuûa ai      Ex: She gave away state secrets to the enemy Her eyes when she said gave her away. 71.give sb  back  sth / give sth back to sb : traû gì cho ai     72.hand sth in ( to sb): giao noäp Ex: Please give your work in before Monday. 73.turn round/ around : quay laïi    Ex: Turn around and let me look at your back. 74.  make oneself / sb up: trang ñieåm Ex: She always makes up when going to the office. 75. make sth up: taïo neân,nghó ra ñieàu gì;bòa ra caâu chuyeän Ex: *They made up a little poem and wrote it in the card. *Women make up 40 per cent of the workforce. * She always makes up a story for her lateness. 76.      make sth out : + to write out or complete a form or document:  vieát ra hoaëc ñieàn vaøo ….         Ex:  * He made out a cheque for pound100. + make sth out:to understand sth; to see the reasons for sth: Hieåu ñöôïc      Ex: I can’t make out what she wants 77.    show sb round: höôùng daãn ai thaêm quan Ex: Has anyone shown you round yet? 78.      try sth on: thöû – Try the shoes on before you buy them.

Phrasal verbs

1. Định nghĩa:

Phrasal verb( cụm  động từ ) là sự kết hợp của động từ và giới từ hoặc trạng từ

Eg: V+ prep: look for

V+ adv: get away

V+ adv+ prep: catch up with

1. Phân loại:

_ Separable phrasal verb: ( cụm động từ có thể tách ra được ). Với loại này tân ngữ có thể được đặt giữa động từ và tiểu từ(adv/ adj) hoặc ngay sau tiểu từ ( adv/adj)

Eg: Please put on the coat before going out

= Please put the coat on before going out

Khi tân ngữ là đại từ, đại từ phải đứng giữa động từ và tiểu từ

Eg: Throw it away ( Throw away it)

• Inseparable phrasal verb: ( cụm động từ không thể tách ra được ). Với loại này tân ngữ luôn đi sau tiểu từ( adj / adv)

Eg: Please look  after the baby while I am out

III. Some popular phrasal verbs:

Lay down: đề ra

Result in: đưa đến

Wash away: cuốn trôi đi, quét sạch

Set out: trình bày

Carry out:  tiến hành

Stand for: là chữ viết tắt của

Look up: tra từ

Bring sb up: nuôi dưỡng

Let sb down: làm ai thất vọng

Make up: bịa ( chuyện)

Put off : trì hoãn

Put on/ put off: mặc vào / cởi ra

Take away : mang đi

Try on: thử quần áo

Turn on/ Turn off: bật lên/ tắt đi

Work out: giải quyết/ lên kế hoạch

Break down: hỏng

Break up: chia tay

Get away : chạy trốn

Go down: hạ ( giá cả)

Hold on: chờ ( máy điện thoại)

Pass away : chết

Pas out : bất tỉnh

Set off/ Set out: khởi hành

Stand out: nổi bật

Take off: cất cánh

Catch up with : đạt được trình độ ngang bằng/ đuổi , theo kịp

Come up against: đương đầu với khó khăn

Come up with: nghĩ ra

Face up to : đối mặt ( khó khăn)

Fall in with: đồng ý

Get along / on with:  có mối quan hệ tốt

Get out of : thoát khỏi

Look  up to : kính trọng

Make up for: đền bù

Put up with: chịu đựng

Run out of: hết

Stand up for: ủng hộ

Stand up to: chống đối

Fill in: điền thông tin

Give up : bỏ / từ bỏ

Go on: tiếp tục

Turn round:

Lie down: nằm nghỉ

Go away:

Turn up: đến / xuất hiện

Look after:chăm sóc

Take after:giống với

Get over:vượt qua

Hold up:bị đình trệ

Go off: nổ

Try out: thử

Ask for: đòi hỏi

Call on: viếng thăm

Cary on: tiếp tục

Knock on: làm ngã, phá huỷ

Live on: sống dựa vào

Look down on: coi thường

Look forward to: mong đợi

Come about: xảy ra

Come across: tình cờ gặp

Come up: xảy ra/ xuất hiện

Dress up: ăn mặc sang trọng

Drop in: ghé thăm

Go out : (đèn tắt)

Put in for: tham gia

Put off : hoãn lại

Put up ưith : chịu đựng

Sell out: bán hết

Send for: cho mời đến

Settle down: ổn định cuộc sống

Sort out: sắp xếp, lựa chọn

Take over: đảm nhận

Think over: suy nghĩ cẩn thận

 

 

 

@Exercise I/ Choose the most appropriate preposition to fill in each blank.

up    after    on      off     in

1. I’d like to listen to some music. Would you please turn the radio………………..?
2. Please try to give………. smoking. It is not good for your health.
3. Don’t put……………. your homework anymore. The deadline is coming.
4. When I was young, my uncle looked………….. me because my parents were abroad.
5. Before you enter the class, you need to fill… ……..this form so that we can have your personal information.

1/ on                2/ up                3/ off               4/ after             5/ in

@Exercise II. Choose one of the following phrasal verbs to complete the sentneces
look up                           look after             find out                  go on

turn down                      give up                 grow up                break down

1. We’ll buy a smaller house when the children____________ and left home.
2. The computer isn’t working – it_____________ this morning.
3. It was not problem. We_____________ his number in the telephone book.
4. Who   ___________ the cats when we go away on holiday?
5. I ____________ where he lived by checking in the local library.
6. My headaches have been much better since I_________ drinking coffee.
7. ‘What______________ here? What are you doing?’
8. I_____________ their offer because they weren’t going to pay me enough money

1/ grow up                   2/ broke down             3/ look up                    4/ will look after

5/ found out                6/ gave up                    7/ is going on               8/ turned down

 

@Exercise III- Choose from the four options given(marked A,B,C or D) one best answer to complete each sentence.

1. The driver skidded and ….a dog.
2. ran     B. ran in to                              C. ran after                              D. ran over
3. Aren’t you going to …the dress…before you buy it?
4. try/ X       B. try/ up                                 C. try/ on                                 D. try /in
5. I’m sorry, sir. But you’ve already worn these dress. That’s why we can’t…it…..
6. take/ back       B. take /after                           C. take/ in                                 D. take/ again
7. Are you telling the truth? Or are you …. this story.
8. making        B. making up                           C. making for                           D. doing
9. Perhaps important supplies of food and minerals were suddenly….
10. cut out         B. cut off                                C. cut down                             D. cut back
11. His alarm clock is always set for six o’clock. He arises at the same time every day.
12. turns off B. gets up                    C. puts on
13. She telephoned her friend to tell him about the meeting. They decided to drive there together.
14. turned on B. took off                   C. called up

8      Some old friends of mine visited us last night.

1. called on B. called up                 C. wore out
2. Fortunately, Marie is associating well with her new co-workers.
3. calling on B. talking over             C. getting along with

@Exercise IV. Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the phrasal verb in brackets. You may have to change the form.

1. Peter is just like his father! (take after)

Peter ._____________________________________________________ ____________

2. Quite by chance, Brenda met Philip at the station, (run into)

Brenda  ________________________________________________________________.

3. Tina’s car stopped working on the way to Scotland, (break down)

Tina’s car _______________________________________________________________.

4. Ruth’s party has been postponed until next month, (put off)

Ruth’s party __________________________________________________________________    .

5. It would be a good idea to stop drinking coffee, (give up)

It would be a good idea _______________________________________________________       .

6. I saw their number in the phone directory, (look up)

I ______________________________________________________________________

7. We offered them £250,000 for the house but they refused our offer, (turn down)

We offered them £250,000 for the house_________________________________________         .

8. It took me a long time to recover from my illness, (get over)
   It took me_________________________________________________________
9. I’m thinking about my next holiday with pleasure. (look)

I’m looking forward _________________________________________________

10. You don’t need to wear your rain coat. it is so hot here. ( take)

You can ________________________________________________________