Đảo ngữ trong Tiếng Anh

Auxilary Verb= trợ động từ:

-to be: am, is, are, was, were,

-modal verbs: can, could, may, might, will, shall, would, must

-do, did

-have, has, had

Đào ngữ đảo trợ động từ lên trước chủ ngữ (đại từ/danh từ)

 Do you like football?

I don’t like football.

Neither do I.

I don’t like football, nor do I like tennis.

 She has never been so satisfied.

Never has she been so satisfied.

 We have rarely eaten so much ice-cream.

 Rarely have we eaten so much ice-cream.

 They could speak English fluently only later.

Only later could they speak English fluently.

 SỬ DỤNG ĐẢO NGỮ KHI ĐỨNG ĐẦU CÂU LÀ CÁC TỪ/CỤM TỪ DƯỚI ĐÂY:

1. Đảo ngữ với NO và NOT
No+ N + auxiliary+S+Verb(inf)
Not any+ N+ auxiliary+ S+ verb(inf)
Eg: No money shall I lend you from now on. ( I shall lend you no money from now on)
= Not any money shall I lend you from now on ( I shall not lend you any money from now on).
2. Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định: Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly ever,…..
Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever+ auxiliary+ S+ V
Never in mid-summer does it snow,
Hardly ever does he speak in the public .

3. Đảo ngữ với ONLY
a) Only once : chỉ một lần

I have seen ShrekI  only once.

àOnly once have I seen ShrekI.
b) only later: chỉ sau này, mãi đến sau này

Mary did not know she was an adopted child until later.

àOnly later did Mary know she was an adopted child.

They did not realize Tom was the stealer until later.

è               Only later did they realize Tom was the stealer
c) only in this way : chỉ theo cách này
only in that way : chỉ theo các đó

We can only achieve our goal in this way.

è               Only in this way can we achieve our goals.

Our group will be able to solve the problem only in that way.

è               Only in that way will our group be able to solve the problem.
d) only then + auxiliary+ S+ V

e) only after+ N

only with+ N

f)  only by V_ing/ N : chỉ bằng cách

Only by working hard will we become millionaires someday.

Only by practicing English everyday can he speaks English fluently.

Only by treating people nicely will you be treated well in return.

(Chỉ bằng cách đối xử tốt với mọi người thì bạn mới được đối xử tử tế trở laik)

Only by working out regularly can we keep fit.

g)*. only when+ clause : chỉ khi mà…
only after +clause: chỉ sau khi…
only if+ clause: chỉ khi…

** Lưu ý: Mệnh đề đứng ngay đằng sau “only when”, “only after”, và “only if” thì không được đảo ngữ, mà phải đảo ngữ ở mệnh đề thứ hai.

Xem xét kỹ các ví dụ dưới đây

Only when I took an English class here did I like English.

(= I only liked English when I took an English class here).

Only after the children have finished dinner will they be allowed to watch T.V.

(=The children will be allowed to watch TV only after they have finished dinner).

Only if you promise to keep secret can I tell you this story.

(= I can only tell you this story if you keep promise).

h) only in adv of time/ place
Only in his house does he feel safe.

(= He only feels safe in his house).

Only in the next five years will I find out what I want to do for a living.

(= I will find out what I want to do for a living only in the next five years).
4. Đảo ngữ với các cụm từ có No
At no time: không khi nào
On no condition : trong điều kiện gì…. Cũng không…
On no account + auxiliary+ S+ N : không vì lý do gì
Under/ in no circumstances : trong hoàn cảnh nào cũng không …
For no season : không vì lý do gì
In no way
No longer : không còn… nữa
For no reason shall you skip class.
The money is not to be paid under any circumstances
= Under no circumstances is the money to be paid
On no condition shall we accept their proposal

5. No sooner………. than….. = ngay khi… thì…
Hardly/ Barely/ Scarcely…….. When/ before
No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang
Hardly had she put up her umbrella before the rain became down in torrents

6. Đảo ngữ với Not only……. but……also….. : không những… mà còn…
Not only + auxiliary + S + V but…. also……….
Not only is he good at E but he also draw very well
Not only does he sing well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly

7. Đảo ngữ với SO
So+ adj/ adv + auxiliary + S+V+ that clause
So dark is it that I can’t write

(= It is so dark that I can’t write)
So busy am I that I don’t have time to look after myself
So difficult was the exam that few student pass it
So attractive is she that many boys run after her

8. So+ adjective+ be+ N+ clause
So intelligent is she that she can answer all questions in the interview

So carefully did she do her homework that the teacher could find no mistake.

Such a smart girl is she that we all like her.

9. Đảo ngữ với until/ till+ clause/ adv of time+ auxiliary+ S+ V
Not until: mãi đến khi

a. Sau “not until” thì phải có mốc thời gian như: later, 10 p.m., yesterday, last year, last month, now, then, …

I won’t come home till 10 o’clock
=Not until/till 10 o’clock will I come home
= It is not until 10 o’clock that I will come home
I didn’t know that I had lost my key till I got home
= Not until/ till I got home did I know that I had lost my key

b*. Nếu sau “not until” là mệnh đề thì mệnh đề đó không đảo ngữ, mà phải đảo ngữ ở mệnh đề thứ hai (giống như với “only when”, “only after” và “only if”)

Not until I knew him well did I begin to trust him.

(= I did not trust him until I knew him well).

Not until the rain stopped teaming down did the sun start to shine again.

(=The sun did not shine again until the rain stopped teaming down).

Not until I had studied the lesson carefully could I do the exercise easily.

(= I could not do the exercise easily until I had studied the lesson carefully)
10. Đảo ngữ với No where+ Au+ S+V : không ở đâu
No where in the VN is the cenery as beautiful as that in my country
No where do I feel as comfortable as I do at home
No where can you buy the goods as good as those in my country

11. Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện
a, Câu đk loại 1: If clause = should+S+V
Should she come late she will miss the train
should he lend me some money I will buy that house
b, Câu đk loại 2:If clause= Were S +to V/ Were+S
If I were you I would work harder =Were I you……..
If I knew her I would invite her to the party= Were I to know her……..
c, Câu đk loại 3 : If clause = Had+S+PII
If my parents hadn’t encouraged me, I would have taken pass exam
= Had my parents not encouraged me………..

12. Đảo ngữ với here và there

Here/ there + S + V(chia)

There + subject pronoun + go/ come/ be: kìa/ thế là/ rồi thì

Ex: Here he comes

 13. Đảo ngữ với giới từ

Prep + (N) + V (chia) + S

Ex: Under the tree sat the man

Cách phân loại khác

1) đảo ngữ như câu hỏi
Là hình thức đem động từ đặc biệt (hoặc trợ động từ )ra trước chủ từ.
khi nào dùng đảo ngữ như câu hỏi ?
+ khi gặp các yếu tố phủ định ở đầu câu: ( not ,no,hardly,little,never,seldom , few ,only.….)
ex: I never go to school late
Never do I go to school late
+ khi có các chữ sau ở đầu câu: so ,such ,often , much ,many ,many a , tính từ
ex: Many books did he read yesterday (many)
Beautiful are the trees in their autumn colors (tính từ )
The doctor was so angry that he went away.
=> So angry was the doctor that …..( so)

2) Đảo ngữ nguyên động từ
Là hình thức đem nguyên động từ ra trước chủ từ (không cần mượn trợ động từ )
– Khi có cụm trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn ở đầu câu :
on the ….,in the…. ,here ,there…
ex: His house stands at the foot of the hill
-> At the foot of the hill stands his house .(đem nguyên động từ stands ra trước chủ từ )
the bus came there
-> There came the bus(đem nguyện động từ came ra ,không mượn trợ động từ did)

lưu ý :trong cách này chủ ngữ phải là danh từ thì mới đảo ngữ được,đại từ không đảo ngữ
ex: here came the bus
nhưng chủ từ là đại từ thì không được
here it came (không đảo came ra trước